Grey areasDopamine effectsIncrease in activity in mesolimbic and mesocortical areaNO Dopamine Transporter=No activity of stimulantsSlide16 NMDA, Acetylcholine, substance P, endogenousĪlter blood flow in prefrontal, frontal, temporal, Neurobiology of StimulantsAll cause release or block reuptake of neurotransmittersDopamine: cocaine in particularMimic NE by direct effectSerotonin at high levels
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Opiates will decrease the irritability of stimulant toxicitySlide15 Stimulant will stave off the sleepiness “nodding” from opiates
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Longer acting, more intense stimulus, may affect development of tolerance for alcohol and cocaine Is the chemical formed when cocaine and alcohol are combined? Slide13Įpidemiological data and other informationWith the exception of behavioral strategies, there are presently no efficacious treatment for cocaine dependence (Vocci and Montoya 2009)Stimulant abuse and dependence as diagnostic distinctions will be eliminated in DSM-5 but the presence of three of the seven dependence syndrome criteria will remain to dx dependence (tolerance and withdrawal)Slide14ĥ-15 minIntravenous10-60 sec4-7 min20-60 minIntranasal or other mucosal The majority of individuals (72 % in 2007) who seek treatment for cocaine abuse smoke crack and are likely to be polydrugĪbusers, or users of more than one substance. 2008 24(supl 4):545-57).U.S data: In 2007, cocaine accounted for about 13 % of all admissions to drug abuse treatment programs. Profile of cocaine and crack users in Brazil. The apparent link between increase in PBC consumption and poverty has been reported before in United States and Brazilĭuailib LB, Ribeiro M, Laranjeira R. (0.8%)-2.2 million users in Latin America 1.4 million current cocaine users in 200835 million had used cocaine in their lifetimes in The United States (8.6 million crack-cocaine) The 2006 NSDUH (National Survey on Drug Use and Health)ġ4.3 million cocaine users worldwide in 2005 Drug Enforcement AdministrationSlide8Ĭrack/Paco Production stepsStep 3 (left): Boiling the solution to separate out the solids Step 4 (right): Cooling the separated mixtureSlide9Ĭrack/Paco Production Step 3Cocaine Base (PBC)-Paco/bazuco/pitilloĬrack/Paco Production stepsStep 5: Filtering the cooled mixture to isolate the solidsSlide11Ĭrack/Paco Production final stepCrack cocaineSlide12Įpidemiological dataThe cocaine epidemic in the United states peaked in 1985.
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hydrochloric acid +acid/acetone+ ammonia +ether/ethanolĬrack/Paco Production stepsStep 1 (left): Dissolving powder cocaine in hot water Step 2 (right): Adding sodium bicarbonate to the mixture + potassium permanganate + sodium bicarbonate For about R$2, users can buy enough of this type of cocaine for a 15-minute high.Slide6Ĭrack/Paco Production Step 2Cocaine Base (PBC)-Paco/bazuco/pitillo Über Coca1903- Coca-Cola stopped using coca leaves in their product1914 – Harrison Narcotic Act 1930s – Benzedrine inhaler1970- the Controlled Substances Act officially made cocaine illegal in the United States as a Schedule II drug1980s – Crack Slide4Īn addict sells individual doses of PBC so that s – Coca leaf chewing and coca tea1855 - Cocaine was extracted from the leaves of the coca plant (ġ860 – Cocaine isolated from the coca plant by Albert Neiman OutlineIntroduction (History and Understanding Production Steps)EpidemiologyNeurobiology of Stimulants and the Rewarding SystemClinical Picture and SignsIntoxication and WithdrawalPrevention andĪ Brief History of Cocaine3000 B.C. There is treatment for addiction to these drugs. Seeking help is important if you need it.Presentation on theme: "Crack Cocaine and"- Presentation transcriptĬrack Cocaine and Synthetic Drugs:Clinical, Psychobiological and Sociological Realities. Cocaine has been proven to be highly addictive. Injection can result in a quicker and more intense high, but has inherent risks. Another method of use is intravenous injection. Inhaling it through the nose in powder form can result in damage to the mucus membranes. Cocaine is most often used by inhaling it through the nose in powder form. Crack use may increase the possibility of heart attack.Ĭocaine is a reformed form of the coca plant, but in its street form it has hydrochloride salt and sometimes cutting agents that dilute the potency of the drug. It reportedly makes a crackling sound when it is smoked. The most common method of use is smoking. The use of this refined form can produce profound highs and is known to be addictive.Ĭrack is further refined by removing the hydrochloride salt that is present in the street form of cocaine.
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While the coca plant may only supply a mild high and is used by native shepherds, cocaine is a concentrated form of particular chemicals. The basic differences between the two are the level or amount of refinement. Both crack and cocaine are drugs that are created from the coca plant.